7 Editing Pet Peeves

7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves By Mark Nichol We as a whole have our publication characteristics. Here are seven words, phrases, or different subjects that make me fractious: 1. â€Å"Beg the Question† On the off chance that you see this expression in print, it’s prone to mean â€Å"to raise a conspicuous question,† as in â€Å"That makes one wonder of how we are going to adjust the budget† or â€Å"to brief an inquiry because of something,† as in â€Å"The new proof makes one wonder of whether the litigant was blameworthy after all.† To make one wonder, in any case, initially intended to say something that accept that the suggestion being referred to is valid; a model is â€Å"Most researchers rebate Smith’s hypotheses since they don’t concur with him.† This unique definition, nonetheless, is being overpowered by the new faculties portrayed previously. They are pervasive to the point that they are coming to be acknowledged as legitimate, however such acknowledgment weakens the estimation of the unadulterated significance. It’s best not to utilize the expression by any stretch of the imagination. 2. â€Å"I could mind less.† Maybe I care about this to an extreme, since it doesn’t come up frequently, however more than never is excessively. The right articulation is â€Å"I couldn’t care less,† meaning, â€Å"The degree to which I care is the least conceivable amount.† Some individuals contend that â€Å"I could mind less† is a method of disregarding an issue by inferring that the negligible degree to which one is worried about it could be lessened considerably further. My assessment: It’s a mishearing of the right structure, and the individuals who compose it the incorrect way are composing it the incorrect way. 3. Extraordinary At the point when I read a sentence like â€Å"Seventeen various dialects are spoken by understudies at the school,† my first idea is, â€Å"As contradicted to seventeen indistinguishable languages?† as it were, extraordinary is excess to the announcement of majority. Diverse is the default. 4. Latin Latin shortened forms, for example, for example what's more, for example are substantial, however they’re regularly abused or possibly punctuated inaccurately (or not under any condition), and â€Å"for example† and â€Å"that is† serve similarly also. The equivalent goes for the Latin for â€Å"and so on†: and so forth which, coincidentally, is excess not exclusively to the prior shortened forms yet additionally to â€Å"such as† and â€Å"et al.† (â€Å"and others†), which, outside of a book index, is basically a bit much. Also, why use hence when you can compose consequently? A decent extent of English jargon gets from Latin, however I advocate limiting direct getting. 5. Philanthropic I severely dislike the utilization of philanthropic as an independent thing, and I discover I should annex the word association to that word, changing over it into a descriptor: â€Å"nonprofit organization.† a similar resistance applies to multinationals; I favor â€Å"multinational corporations.† 6. Quality I once worked for a distribution whose editorial manager in boss restricted the word quality alone when â€Å"high quality† is implied, as in â€Å"This is a quality publication.† It was a strangely explicit forbiddance from an individual who wouldn’t be required to waste time with such explicit utilization, yet I concurred with her at that point, and I do now; I never utilize the term in disengagement in that specific situation. 7. Alarm Quotes Quotes utilized as what might be compared to squirmed finger quotation hands are normally pointless. They’re particularly so related to alleged truth be told, they’re repetitive all things considered: â€Å"So-called warning laws expect organizations to inform clients when certain decoded client information is inappropriately accessed.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Using an and a Before WordsUsed To versus Use ToDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

My Choices and Commitments Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

In contemplating what my life will resemble when I am done with school, I need to consider the fast groundbreaking occasions and decisions that I am confronting now at 17 years old. In a limited capacity to focus time I have needed to settle on a choice about my future profession and, in view of that choice, pick where I would head off to college. I understand that I am in a critical piece of my life now, and that the duties I make today will radically influence my status quite a while from now. Most of young people's choices are unintentionally made dependent on the request for their needs. Needs at age 17 are not equivalent to those that one will have at age 27 or more established. Since nobody has composed guidelines for immaculate living, awful choices and flippant blunders are unmistakable. My previous four years in secondary school have helped me gain from my missteps and have likewise given personal time to organize. Time the executives has permitted me to partake in school sports and other extra curricular exercises and still stay at the highest point of my group. Since I am at where graduation is basically weeks away, I am starting to feel pressure about the significant choices I have made and will make in the following barely any months of my life. Since I am as of now set the extent that school plans, (I will go to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), the significant concerns are yet to come. In the following four years of my life I will experience an assortment of differing individuals, ways of life, convictions and societies. Despite the fact that not these encounters will be negative, I understand how significant it is that I head off to college with my norms, needs, and ethics secure. I realize that how I decide to live, learn and succeed will legitimately affect the nature of the remainder of ... ...h both my companions and the school organization and staff. This notoriety came about as a result of decisions I made years prior. My congregation youth bunch has been a brilliant method to find out about network administration. Seeing other people who are distraught, sick or penniless has shown me the significance of thinking about others and to be appreciative to my benefit wellbeing and stable family circumstance. Through conceding to these different exercises, I have had the option to help individuals, just as help myself. I have taken in the significance of cooperation, picked up administration aptitudes, and figured out how to lower myself to serve others. These collaborations presented openings that have set me up for more prominent things. A long time from now, I will have the option to state that the difficult work was justified, despite all the trouble, the assurance paid off, and that my needs took me to the status that I tried to accomplish.

How to Write Health Science Topics For Essay

How to Write Health Science Topics For EssayYour health science topics for essay should begin with an explanation of the focus of your project. The topic should be defined before you write any papers.You can further define your health science topics for essay by how you are going to use the information you collect for your research. Will you use it to help the public or a pharmaceutical company? Will you collect information on the users of the products you are studying, or just study the industry itself?These are just some of the questions that you can answer when you set up your health science topics for essay. This is not to say you have to spend days or weeks collecting information. After all, if your goal is simply to collect data and write about it, why bother collecting the data in the first place? If your goal is to use that data in a written report, you will have to spend more time finding sources to borrow and sharing your research findings.But, do not be discouraged if you find yourself having trouble with your health science topics for essay. The internet is full of free resources for people who wish to learn more about a particular field. You can ask a friend or find a site that collects information for a number of different subjects that are related to health. You can also check the bookstores for books on the topic of health science.After you have listed some of the topics you wish to research, you can then make your list of materials you will need to carry out your research. Check around for as many books as you can afford, preferably in the subject that interests you. Take a book on various diseases or ailments that are usually diagnosed today and look through it for cures. Keep a copy of this book handy because this may be the only reference you have for your research.When you get started with your health science topics for essay, keep track of the sources you use and how much time you spend researching each source. As soon as you find a specif ic source you feel confident in researching, write about the source, and then see how long it takes you to prepare a paper on the same topic. Make sure you come up with a thesis statement before writing any article or book. If you do not know what your thesis statement is, then you may want to get some help.It is also important that you complete your health science topics for essay before you start writing your paper. Any research you have done must be organized and presented in a manner that convinces the reader that you have done good research. Do not try to rewrite any parts of your paper unless you understand how to organize a project properly.Remember, your health science topics for essay will be short essays that are intended to teach a reader how to communicate about a specific topic. Make sure your reader understands your thesis statement before you begin to write your health science topics for essay.

The Zoo Story by Edward Albee Essay - 765 Words

In a crowded city such as Manhattan, it was no wonder that a man like Jerry felt lonely. He was without a friend, a mother and father, and the typical wife, two children, and a dog,; that many others had. Jerry was thrown in a world that he felt did not want him, and his human flaw of wanting to escape loneliness led to his tragic death. In Edward Albees play, The Zoo Story, all Jerry wanted was to be heard and understood, and in the end, after sharing his life story with a complete stranger, he got his final wish - death. The Zoo Story not only tells of the alienation of man in modern society, but also reflects the philosophy of twentieth century existentialism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jerry made a conscious choice of wanting to†¦show more content†¦Peter found that to live in this hostile world, it was better to conform with society and, as Jerry accused him, make sense out of things and bring order.; Both the mens acceptance, however, led to the isolation of the individual, where Jerry felt alone not by choice, while Peter, even though he lived according to the rules of society, still managed to isolate himself because he lived in a household of females. He achieved his sense of satisfaction with the world by coming to the same part of the park to read. Ive come here for years; I have hours of great pleasure, great satisfaction. And thats important to a man.; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although both Jerry and Peter came from the same city, both encountered different experiences. Each had a different way of interpreting lifes mishaps, and the way that they chose to handle certain situations led to the ultimate conclusion of their well-being. Jerry found that his death was appropriate in order to escape the unforgiving world, while Peter found it difficult to perceive that one would think of such a deadly solution to ones feelings of isolation. Peter was shocked when he saw Jerry on the bench slowly dying amp;#8211; replying nothing more than oh my god; amp;#8211; while Jerry, on the other hand, replied with thank you.; Even though life was unexplainable, Jerry did not try to reason his lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Zoo Story by Edward Albee598 Words   |  2 Pages Edward Albee and his play of The Zoo Story is set on a bench located in New York City famous Central Park. This bench is the setting throughout the entire play as various topics are discussed. You first meet character Peter a clean cut man, who is sitting alone at this bench reading a paper while smoking on his pipe. Albee only gives a brief characterization on who the character is, but does not give you any background information of his life. This is because you find out more information throughoutRead MoreThe Zoo Story by Edward Albee Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Zoo Story by Edward Albee In Edward Albees play, The Zoo Story, Jerry tells Peter bizarre stories about people he has encountered that influence his shallow and lonely existence, to demonstrate Albees view that society is unnecessarily consumed by indifference, unkindness, weakness, and emptiness. In an attempt to cause Peter to realize that his own life is filled with emptiness and shallowness, Jerry tells Peter about the lives of some of the people in his boarding house. He talks aboutRead MoreThe Zoo Story by Edward Albee Essay2314 Words   |  10 PagesIn The Zoo Story, Edward Albee shows an encounter between two very different men, Peter and Jerry, sitting at a bench in Central Park. The play depicts people living like animals in cages, isolated from each other, and refusing to communicate. The play presents characters who suffer from lack of real human relationships, the sense of loneliness from being alienated and isolated from other members of their own society. This suffering leads mainly to agoni zing life experiences and finally to the deathRead MoreEdward Franklin Albee IIi : The American Dream, And The Goat, Or Who Is Sylvia?1313 Words   |  6 PagesENG3U0 Research Essay Edward Franklin Albee III is an American playwright mostly known for his works such as Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Zoo Story, The American Dream, and The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? Albee is perceived to be a leader in the creation of the American absurdist drama theatrical movement. Specifically, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Opened on Broadway the same month the world was facing heated nuclear tensions between Soviet and U.S. powers during the Cuban Missile CrisisRead MoreAn Analysis of the Illusion and the Truth with the Depression of Human Beingthrough on Psychoanalysis Theory onâ€Å"Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?† by Edward Albee2738 Words   |  11 PagesOnâ€Å"WHO’S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF?† by edward albee    Chapter I INTRODUCTION    1. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Background of the Study Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? was a play work by Edward Albee. It was produced in New York in 1962. Actually, this era is the transition of  modernism into postmodernism that using the absurdist paradigm in order to break the rules of modernism and found a new era. The theme of the story tells about human condition at that era with combined by Albee with theory of absurd. It was takenRead More Allegory in Edward Albees The American Dream Essay3652 Words   |  15 PagesAllegory in Edward Albees The American Dream Our understanding of Edward Albees achievement in The American Dream (1960) has come a long way since 1961 when Martin Esslin hailed it as a brilliant first example of an American contribution to the Theatre of the Absurd1 and 1966 when Nicholas Canaday, Jr. labeled it Americas best example of what has come to be known as the theatre of the absurd.2 The shrewdest assessment of absurdism in Albee is by Brian Way, who shows convincinglyRead MoreAnalysis Of Who s Afraid Of Virginia Woolf1609 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf Edward Albee is a well known American was born in Virginia, he moved to New York to start his passion of writing plays and he wrote his first play which is The Zoo story, Albee then started to spend most of his time in the American University Theater. Albee became famous and received numerous amount of awards. He won awards for his plays that include Seascape, Three Tall womenRead MoreThe Game Of Life : Who s Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?1849 Words   |  8 PagesThe Game of Life in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Edward Franklin Albee, is an American playwright known for his works such as The Zoo Story, The Sandbox and Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? He had an unpleasant childhood as he had a challenging relationship with his adoptive parents; especially his mother who was distant and unloving. Among Albee’s one-act plays, The Zoo Story, The Sandbox and The American Dream were the most successful, but his first full-length play, Who’s Afraid of VirginiaRead MoreThe Theater Of The Absurd1937 Words   |  8 Pagesthat he also clarifies the idea of death, which is linked to the absurdity of life. Albee is mainly concerned with the absurdity and criticizes the chaos of the modern American community. His characters cannot comprehend the meaning of their existence in this world or why they survive. Albee thinks that the existence of the individual is meaningless, because, he cannot find the answer to the many questions. Albee presented his character’s uncertainty in their life, man always looking for meaningRead MoreThe World War II : An Important Factor Influencing Human Behavior1936 Words   |  8 Pageswealthy is possible, but it cannot be continual: a man should aim to gain the valuable quality of morality to establish a real life far from the fantasy and deception of others. In relation to the plays in this study, we find that in The Zoo Story, both Peter and Jerry represent certain values in American society. Regarding Peter, his financial success and his perfect family inspired him, and he seeks to achieve a capitalist approach to the American Dream. On the other hand, Jerry has no wife

Fatigue And Its Effects On The Aviation Industry - 1479 Words

Introduction Fatigue is defined my people in many different ways. The definition I like is, Fatigue is the state of feeling very tired, weary or sleepy resulting from insufficient sleep, prolonged mental or physical work, or extended periods of stress or anxiety. (â€Å"Fatigue 2012†). Fatigue plays a major role in today’s workplace safety and always has. It exists every day in every workplace and if not confronted could be catastrophic to the person or others. In this research we take a look at one industry in particular that is effected enormously by fatigue and that’s the aviation industry. Within the research it will discuss the safety concerns that are prevalent when fatigue is present, possible reasons why fatigue occurs in aviation, what is being done to lessen the effects of fatigue in the aviation industry, and what organizations and management could do differently to control fatigue even more. Methods It is no secret that fatigue can come in different forms: physical, mental, and emotional. Physical fatigue can bring about muscle soreness, oxygen debt, or extreme tiredness caused by sleep deprivation, illness, or poor nutrition. Emotional fatigue resulting from performing undesirable tasks, sometimes under challenging conditions such as lack of proper tools, inadequate lighting, and meeting completion deadlines in terms of time, may affect the degree of high levels of focus and concentration associated with complex tasks and create mental fatigue. The mentalShow MoreRelatedPilot Fatigue Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesjust an ordinary career. However, an aviation career comes with many challenges than expected. When focusing on statistics about being a pilot, it indicates a lifestyle that many inspire to work despite the many challenges that face this career. The challenges that pilot face revolve around being rested during long flights, performing unexpected, simultaneous tas ks, and passing the medical examination in order to remain qualified. When combined with fatigue due to long flight hours, these differentRead MoreHuman Factors In The Aviation Industry1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of human factors within the aviation community is wide and apparent in today’s world. There are many human factors that all come with their own disadvantages. However, through the study and experience with human factors come improvements and ways to avoid these disadvantages. â€Å"Human factors are the science of understanding the properties of human capability. The application of this understanding applies to the design, development, deployment of systems and services, and the artRead MoreHuman Factors Caused By The Crash Of American Airlines Flight Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesFlight 1420. Crew resource management, and fatigue will be closely looked at as the major causations of Flight 1420. The various preconditions for unsafe acts will be reviewed to as they apply to this aircraft accident. The decisions made by the aircrew and the subsequent human error chain during the approach and landing of Flight 1420 will be analyzed to perhaps lessen these same series of errors from happening again in a similar situation. Key words: fatigue, crew resource management IntroductionRead MoreHow to Improve Airline Safety and Pilot Training Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pageswas titled the Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010 and is now called Public Law 111-216 (Public Law 111-126, 2010, 3). The bill targets five focal points that will force the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to run an even safer operation. These focal points include creating a pilot record database, implementation of NTSB flight crewmember training recommendations, FAA rule making on training programs, pilot fatigue, and flight crewmember screening and qualificationsRead MoreHuman Factors Of Aviation Safety : Cognitive Science1345 Words   |  6 Pages Human Factors in Aviation Safety: Cognitive Science Karreem L. Lisbon Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University May 2017 Abstract Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed, represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine. Human factors directly cause or contribute to many aviation incidents that develop into accidents. In this paper, I will discuss how learning, knowledge, languageRead MoreThe Problem With Ageing Aircraft1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmajority of the party that are involved with it disagree[3]. With that said, it is observed that the problem with ageing aircraft starts as early as defining it. For example, according to the Federal aviation administration (FAA), ageing starts from 15 chronological years. On the contrary, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) argues that ageing starts the day the aircraft leaves the factory[4]. Hence we observe that there is no single definition for ageing of an aircraft or a definition thatRead MoreEssay on Aircraft Maintainence1546 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintenance AVIATION REGULATION AND SAFETY Question 1 A good safety record is a judgment of past performance but does not guarantee the future (PARLIAMENT of AUSTRALIA 2004) [ref.3]. Airline operators, pilots, mechanics, flight attendants, government regulators and makers all have a stake in making aviation as safe as possible. Howbeit, they are still many aircraft had been crash due to many other reasons, such as the pilot’s error (which we called as the â€Å"human factor†), factor of fatigue, weatherRead MoreStress is an everyday reality in the aviation industry, especially to pilots. Pilots face different1300 Words   |  6 PagesStress is an everyday reality in the aviation industry, especially to pilots. Pilots face different kinds of stress on the job. Overload and underload on pilots is common and has always been overlooked. As a result, poses a threat to aviation safety. The society should pay a considerable attention to this issue. This essay will discuss the effect of stress on pilot performance and ways to r elief stress. It begins with definitions of stress, then it will mention the causes of stress. The essay thenRead MorePilot Fatigue Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesFatigue is a growing concern and issue in the aviation industry. Although it has been for some time, recently mounting workloads and stress have factored into creating an escalating problem with real casualties and repercussions. â€Å"Pilot fatigue, heavy workloads†¦ may have contributed to an air ambulance crashing into the sea at night during a medical mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Crash Blamed 2006 p.31). Fatigue is an â€Å"insidious† condition that affects a pilot in a way that might make him feel justified in his decisionsRead MoreColgan Air And Continental Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash1209 Words   |  5 PagesBroward Community College Colgan air/Continental Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash Hugo M. Minaya ASC 2320 Aviation Law Professor Mike Nonnemacher 5 August 2013 â€Æ' Hugo M. Minaya ASC 2320 Aviation Law Professor Mike Nonnemacher November 25, 2016 Colgan air/Continental Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash One of the most controversial and important air crash linked to human error of the modern world happened on the night of February 12, 2009. Colgan air flight 3407, operated by Continental

Nazi Germany The Most Evil Man Essay - 1664 Words

Commonly thought to be the most evil man in all of modern history, Adolf Hitler ruled the country of Germany for twelve years. Although he ended up having unlimited power in Nazi Germany, he started his life the way most young men did in the early nineteenth century, a soldier in the Great War. He served his time in the German Military, and when the war ended he returned back to Germany. After the Great War Germany surrendered, and they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versaille. The treated blamed the entire war on Germany, and forced them to pay for all the damage, which was in the billions, caused in the war. Also in the treaty, Germany had to give away about ten percent of its land to surrounding european countries. A lot more was agreed upon in the treaty, but the main goal of it was to push all the blame of World War One into the German people. Germany spiraled into a terrible economic depression; the price of bread skyrocketed to a billion Mark, which was German currency at the time. Near the end of the war, the government was overthrown by the Communist Party of Germany, creating the Weimar Republic. The rough economic state of Germany caused the republic to be doomed from its start. In the midst of all the postwar struggles going on in Germany, Adolf Hitler returned home as a hero. â€Å"..He emerged from the trenches in World War I, where he showed bravery...† (Mitgang, C17). Hitler used the respect he built during the war to start his own party, the NationalShow MoreRelatedPower Of The High Castle By Philip K. Dick1105 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2nd, 1945, World War 2 had finally ended, the allies had beaten Nazi Germany and Japan to end the war. A Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick recreates the story of World War 2, Dick recreates the story, in which the United States had lost the war 20 years ago, and is now occupied with Nazi Germany and Japan. Slavery in the United States is now once again legal. Power in this new United Sta tes with Nazi Germany and Japan, became more power over the people, power over the environmentRead MorePhilosophy and Evil695 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Philosophy and Evil Genocide is a traumatic part of the worlds history. The term genocide was coined in the aftermath of World War II following the liberation of Nazi concentration camps. When the world learned that more than six million Jewish people had been murdered by the German military because of their beliefs, the universal reaction was disgust and disbelief. Despite all the wickedness that has occurred throughout history, this event was of such a disturbing nature that some had troubleRead MoreEssay on Causes Effects of the Holocaust1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Holocaust There are times in history when desperate people plagued by desperate situations blindly give evil men power. These men, once given power, have only their own evil agendas to carry out. The Holocaust was the result of one such mans agenda. In short simplicity, shear terror, brutality, inhumanity, injustice, irresponsibility, immorality, stupidity, hatred, and pure evil are but a few words to describe the Holocaust. A holocaust is defined as a disaster that results with the tremendousRead MoreComparison Of Good And Evil In Shakespeares Julius Caesar718 Words   |  3 Pages Good and evil; two simple words that hold an infinite amount of power. Though they are similar in this aspect, it is a compelling argument that ‘evil’ is stronger and more powerful than ‘good.’ William Shakespeare wrote in his play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar: â€Å"The evil that men do lives after them, the good is oft interred with their bones.† As true as this quote is, the fictional and modern proof accentuates the veracity of the statement. In William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Mark Antony saysRead MoreNazis and Nietzsche Essay example1120 Words   |  5 PagesNazis and Nietzsche During the latter parts of the Nineteenth Century, the German existentialist philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote a great deal on his ideas of morality, values, and life. His writings were controversial, but they greatly affected European thought. It can be argued that Nietzschean philosophy was a contributing factor in the rise of what is considered our worlds most awful empire, the Third Reich. #8249;Such a stance is based on the fact that there are very similarRead MoreThe Worst Dictator Of The World1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthe worst dictator in the whole world. Hitler was a German politician, and he was the leader of the Nazi party. He was also the Chancellor of Germany. As the dictator of the Nazi, he started World War II in Europe with the incursion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. He was born into a German-speaking Austrian family and raised near Linz. He was moved to Germany in 1913. He was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I. He joined the precursorRead MoreHope Amidst Terror1036 Words   |  5 Pagespersecution of the Jewish people during the Holocaust is widely recognized as history’s single most malevolent event. Oskar Schindler’s courageous protection of his workers has become one of the most famous acts of compassion that occurred during Hitlers systematic execution of the Jews. S chindler was able to save over one thousand Jews by using his wealth and connections. The compassion that this member of the Nazi party showed to the Jews was punishable by death, yet he risked his life. Schindler andRead MoreAdolf Hitler and His Regime Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagestwelve. This evil man legalised the destruction of an entire race of people. He plunged â€Å"the world into one of the bloodiest and most destructive wars in history.† (Shirer, 1961) Hitler was a genius but an evil genius. He had the ability to convince millions of German’s of his ideas to extent the power of Germany over Europe, to unite all Germans in a nation and to destroy millions of Jewish people. Even with his disturbing ideas Hitler still fascinates people. How could a man be filled withRead MoreThe Nazi Of The Third Reich And The Notorious Nazi Party1255 Words   |  6 Pagesempire of the Third Reich and the notorious Nazi Party will forever go down in history as one of the most brutal and evil government organizations of the 20th century. Inspired by the ideologies of ethnic cleansing and how Germans should be the purest of all races, these ideas became rampant all across the country, and many citizens believed that this horrible wrongness could be justified, it would be for the greater good of the true Aryan people. The Nazis sent millions of innocent minorities to theirRead MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 Pages Scotti sh poet, Robert Burns wrote, â€Å"Man’s inhumanity to man makes countless millions mourn.† When looking back on the history of our society, many incidences that reflect this thought clearly. One that stands out to me is the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the â€Å"purification† of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler from 1939 to 1945. There were millions of people that were cycled through the concentration camps that the Nazis built. The millions of people that were killed are just a small portion of the

Principles of Financial Management Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Financial Management for Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction: In the given case, Teal has tried to alter the fixed rate plant-wide overhead system to a department linked overhead system which is a significant improvement to the previous system but still has glaring issues which would not be adequately addressed through this system and is also apparent in the various objections raised by the various department heads. The alternative techniques that could have been employed in the given case are highlighted below. Activity Based Costing - It is an effective technique which is widely used to allocate the overhead costs in a manner which is not based on any of the direct costs. Instead, the overhead costs are related to various activities that are involved in the manufacturing costs which are then broken down into collection of smaller activities with an appropriate cost driver allocated for each of the smaller activities. Once the cost related to each of the small activities is determined, the number of repetitions required for the manufacturing of various product lines typically tends to give a realistic and accurate estimation of the overheads cost associated with a particular product (Bhimani et.al., 2008). This approach makes up for the shortcomings of the volume approach in estimation of overheads costs as there are fixed and variable manufacturing overheads and these need to be accounted for in a different manner which is assured in case of ABC costing. Further, the various overheads costs using ABC would not be linked to the departments but rather to the activities that are being conducted and hence would present a more logical and coherent breakup of the overhead cost which can be used to enhance efficiency through process redesigning or other suitable means (Drury, 2008). One of the precautions that need to be taken with regards to implementation of ABC is that the activities should be sub-divided only to a particular level or else the complexity of the system and the underlying cost tends to overweigh the advantages (Seal, Garrison and Noreen, 2012). Additionally, experienced and skilled manpower should be allocated with regards to appropriately identifying the cost drivers of th e activities and appropriate determine the overheads cost associated with each of the product line (Petty et. al., 2015). Usage of ABC at Evergreen Based on the information provided, it is apparent that the current focus is the LMC division which primarily performs the following functions. HC-13 Lawn Mower Spare part for inventory Work for other divisions For all the above three activities performed by the LMC division, the direct costs and material costs need to be allocated to the respective services considering the individuals tasks required and the underlying cost. This information has already been captured in the case study. The core concern of the ABC costing would be with regards to allocation of the fixed and variable overheads cost which are being departmentally allocated and then being levied on the various functions in the LMC division. In this regard, the appropriate cost driver need to be identified for each of the overhead activities and then based on the number of repetition that is involved in a particular overhead activity, the overheads need to be allocated across the three services which are listed below. The various benefits of allocating overheads cost as per ABC in the LMC division are stated below. It would lead to appropriate pricing of the HC-13 Lawn Mower due to correct allocation of the overhead costs and hence would enhance the competitiveness of the product as it seems that the product is overpriced due to higher burden of overhead costs (Parrino and Kidwell, 2011). The ABC costing would also result in accurate costing of the services provided to other divisions along with the spare inventory. This is pivotal so that these services and spares are not provided to the customers at a loss and appropriate profit margins should be kept. The concerns of the various managers would be addressed as the cost would become more transparent and acceptable to the various managers. Further, this would ensure that the departmental compartmentalisation is avoided to represent cost in a more effective and transparent manner which would improve not only decision making with regards to pricing of products and services but also the overall operational efficiency (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). Lean costing methods The lean costing methods in the recent times are gaining popularity as it enables in enhancing the overall efficiency and eliminate the various incremental costs that may not be required (Bhimani et. al., 2008). Unlike the focus of the ABC method, lean costing aims to identify the cost that are not value adding and hence aims to take measures to eliminate the same so that only those costs remain in the value chain which are actually adding some value. This is an advanced concept which is more suitable for new age service based businesses and would not yield much dividend for Evergreen which first needs to make a transition to ABC (Drury, 2008). It is undoubtedly expected that the new system would have resistance from the various stakeholders who are driven by their own vested interests. Some measures to deal with such resistance are highlighted below (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2008). Consultation with internal stakeholders based on open communication so that the need and necessity of migration to the new costing system can be clearly established. In this regards, reference needs to be on the incremental gains for the company as an identity rather than harping on departmental gains and losses. Appropriate platform must be accorded to the senior managers so as to voice their concerns and the same must be dealt in a transparent but prompt manner. Successful case studies of rivals may also be presented so as to establish the credibility of the new system and the potential shortcomings of the old system. Special focus needs to be given to departments and managers that are likely to be represented under bad light as a result of new systems and assurance must be provided to them with regards to taking appropriate measures for fixing up the issue. Seeking regular feedback from the key stakeholders during the migration process so that their support does not wane away. References Bhimani, A., Horngren, C.T., Datar, S.M. and Foster, G. (2008), Management and Cost Accounting, Harlow: Prentice Hall/Financial Times. Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F. (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw Hill Publications, Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C. (2013). Financial Management: Theory Practice, New York: South-Western College Publications, Drury, C. (2008), Management and Cost Accounting, London: Thomson Learning Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D. (2011), Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin J.D. and Burrow, M. (2015), Financial Management: Principles and Applications, Sydney: Pearson Australia, Seal, W.B., Garrison, R.H. and Noreen, E.W. (2012), Management Accounting, Maidenhead: McGraw -Hill Higher Education.

Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem Essay Example

Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem Essay Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem Jonathan Lethem was an American author born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Lethem graduated high school in Brooklyn and continued his education in Vermont at Bennington University. By his sophomore year, he decided to drop out of college and move to San Francisco, California to pursue his career in writing. Lethem is known for writing in the genre of science fiction. His success came pretty early when his novel Gun, With Occasional Music, was a finalist for the 1994 Nebula Award. Two years after the arrival of his success in 1996, he decided to move back to his hometown Brooklyn where he began to write his novel, Motherless Brooklyn. After publishing this novel in 1999 Lethem was met with a great deal of success, yet again. It won the National Books Critics Circle Award for fiction and the Macallan Gold Dagger for crime fiction. Letham was referred to as a â€Å"genre blender† by the New York Times because of his ability to mix detective, science fiction, literary elements and autobiographical elements in his novels. Some also referred to him as â€Å"something of a hipster celebrity.† We will write a custom essay sample on Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Motherless Brooklyn By Jonathan Lethem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jonathan Lethem’s Motherless Brooklyn is a novel set in Brooklyn published in 1999. The novel is a detective story about a man named Lionel Essrog and three others who set out to find their boss’s killer. Lionel Essrog is the narrator of this story. At the beginning of the novel, we learn that our detective suffers from Tourettes syndrome, a psychological disorder that causes him to have random outbursts or compulsive behaviors. In the novel, he describes it in vivid details and uses phrases like â€Å"my mouth won’t quit† and â€Å"ventilating pressure off my head† to explain how he feels. So far throughout the novel, we can see that his Tourette’s syndrome is very significant in understanding the character. We learn how his mind works up the words he says and the actions he makes. This gives the novel a c

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays The Stranger is Meursaults Paper The Stranger is Meursaults Paper Essay Topic: The Stranger In the two works, The Stranger, by Albert Camus, and Night, by Elie Wiesel, Death is portrayed differently, and this sheds light on the different attitudes toward death in French and Jewish societies. In order to compare these two works of literature, I will supply evidence of death in these two works of literature, and explain how the authors portray the instances of death in the two works and how the cultural background of each of the novels is reflected through the portrayal of death in the novels. In The Stranger, I will focus on the death of Meursaults mother, the death of the Arab that Meursault kills, and Meursaults own death. In Night, I will focus on the death of Elies father. In The Stranger, The death of Meursaults mother is one of the events central to the plot of the book. It is the first event mentioned in the book (and I mean the very first), and it is one of the reasons that the end of the book turns out the way that it does. Camus portrayal of Meursaults mothers, or Mamans, as she is affectionately entitled in the book, death is as if her death is a serious matter, but only a natural action that had to be done sometime. He does this by referring to Meursaults relatively apathetic reaction to his mothers death. In example, the very first line of the book reads Maman died today. Or yesterday, maybe, I dont know. This shows that Meursault doesnt really grieve about his mothers death, which is really because he is somewhat disillusioned with emotions altogether, but, to the reader, it connotes the idea that death isnt really that big of a deal. Because Meursault talks about events like his dinner that evening and what time he rode the bus to get to the nursing home, it shows that he didnt really care much about his mothers death. Camus uses that apathy that Meursault has to set a standard in the readers mind that death doesnt really matter all that much. Another example of death in The Stranger is Meursaults killing of the Arab. Meursault does not take the action of killing the Arab man seriously. In his action of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt do it because he has any particular animosity towards the Arab, but because Raymond told him to, and he has no reason not to listen to Raymond. In example, When asked if he thinks Raymond should Let the Arab have it, Meursault says I thought that if I said no hed get himself all worked up and shoot for sure. All I said was He hasnt said anything yet. Itd be pretty lousy to shoot him like that. (56). This shows that Meursault wasnt really killing the Arab because he cared about the issue that Raymond was animate about; in fact, he didnt even really want the poor man to die. In the act of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt talk about having a motive for his action, but instead blames it on physical stimuli. All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, indistinctly, the dazzling spear flying up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes My whole being tensed and I squeezed my hand around the revolver. (59) This shows that Meursault didnt even really have an emotional or pre-cognized reason for killing the Arab, so the death of the Arab wouldnt mean all that much to him. Therefore, Camus is again using Meursaults reaction as an example of his reaction to death. The last example of death in The Stranger, or LEtranger is in Meursaults own execution and death.

Should Internet Purchases be taxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Internet Purchases be taxed - Essay Example Projected estimates of lost revenue due to decrease in sales taxes collection, go as high as $55 billion by 2011. Interestingly now many of the retailers are providing option of "in store" pickup after ordering online, which ironically enforces sales tax collection as sales tax is compulsory on store pickup. (Leonard). State and local governments are worried that lost revenue may decrease their ability to provide civic services at expected levels since expected revenue from store front retail sales are being increasingly cannibalized by online retail (Yegyazarian, Anush 54). If increasingly larger amounts are siphoned off then to make up for loss either newer stream of income has to be realized (by increasing taxes) or by cutting spending (thisnation, Dec 2006). Many retailers go to great lengths to avoid physical presence in high sales tax states, because they can use a lacuna in the "laws" and save significantly on paying the sales taxes. Economist Goolsbee argues that imposing taxes on cybershopping may "could cause online sales to drop Shopping days without the avoidance of sales tax may be transient.

Political Power in France 1780-1815 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political Power in France 1780-1815 - Essay Example The period 1780-1815 was marked by various happenings in France. In the years before the French Revolution, France was experiencing difficult times. The cost of necessities had gone up tremendously. Bread, which was the staple food of the French, had its cost sky rocketing. The reason behind the price of bread going up was that a severe drought and extreme winter hit France. These conditions affected wheat yield which consequently affected bread production. Due to the law supply of bread and the high demand for the same from people, the prices went high. The poor Frenchmen could not afford bread. During the same period, King Louis XVI was in reign. He was weak and could not make decisions in time. He married Marie Antoinette with whom they lived lavishly at the expense of their countrymen. France was in huge debts following the policies of rulers before Louis XVI. Louis XIV and XV had used foreign policies that led France to costly wars. France was driven into deeper debts with the r oyal family and the nobility living lavishly. A taxation system that exempted the Nobility and Clergy was put in place. This was unfair since these were the well off people in society yet they were not to pay these taxes. All these and more factors that will be discussed in the paper will explain the unfolding that took place in France during the period 1780 to 1815. As mentioned earlier, the wars that were initiated by Louis XVI had put France in serious debts. Food scarcity was also becoming a very big problem. Economic problems were on the rise during this period. Suggestions by some ministers to tax the nobility were met with contempt. The problem of the serious debts was not going to be sorted if the nobility and the clergy continued to be exempted. By 1788, the attempts to salvage France from these debts were registered a failure. A meeting of the Estates-General was called by the King. The First Estate was made up of church members or the clergy. The second Estate constituted of the nobility, then the third Estate constituted of the remaining Frenchmen. The issue of classism was not uncommon during meetings. The third Estate, which constituted mostly of the Bourgeoisies, had the majority of members. The last meeting of the Estates-General had been held in 1614. Being the majority, the third Estate demanded greater representation in the house. Their demands were not met which led to their breaking away and forming the National Assembly. This group was the voice of the whole nation thereby challenging the King and the two orders. Liberalism that was fueled by the spirit of Enlightenment led to liberal-minded members of the clergy and nobility joining the National Assembly. The members of the National Assembly accentuated the need for the parliament in France being similar to that in Britain. These people swore to see to it that a constitution was written and sanctioned. The Tennis Court Oath as it came to be known was the movement by the National Assembly in their bid to get a new constitution for France. King Louis XVI, rallied up his troops against the supporters of the National Assembly, as well as, on the National Assembly members. Paris and Versailles were besieged by the King’s defense force. However, the king vacillated bringing the first act of the movement come to a stand. For the first time in the history of the French monarchy, Louis capitulated some of the power that was held absolute. This power had been considered absolute for over two centuries and many say that Louis XVI surrender jeopardized his authority over France. When France’s finance minister, Jacques Necker was dismissed, many were displeased. During the severe climatic conditions, food

Performance and Participation in games Essay Example for Free

Performance and Participation in games Essay Read through the following notes and then answer the questions at the end of each section. Please answer each set of questions on a different sheet using a new heading each time. Please write your answers fully in sentences. Consider how many marks each question is worth as to how much you need to write. The questions should be finished and handed in on Tuesday the 7th November along with your coursework (all sections). School Questions. 1. Explain how your experiences in PE can have both a negative or a positive effect on your participation in sport later in life (2). Name 5 different roles that a pupil could take within a PE lesson (5) 3. For key stage three PE explain what areas of activity are covered and the aims of PE at this level (7) 4. For key stage four PE explain what areas of activity are covered and the aims of PE at this level (4) 5. Explain what benefits can be sought from extra- curricular PE i. On a representational basis and ii. On a recreational basis (4) 6. Name one benefit of examination courses for i. The image of PE and ii. Pupils who have an interest in PE. 7. Explain what benefits links with sports clubs can have and why this is necessary (3) 8. Explain why cross- curricular links are important for pupils (2). 9. Name and explain 3 ways that a school could cover the cost of its sporting activities (3). 10. Explain how curriculum constraints can have a negative effect on how much time is available for PE (2). 11. Explain how tradition can affect the opportunities pupils may have within PE (2) 12. Explain how the environment can affect the opportunities that pupils may have within PE (both positive and negative) (2). Changing Attitudes. What effects do attitudes of society have on participation in games? 1. What is leisure (2) 2. How has leisure time increased (1) 3. Give some of the reasons for this increase and explain why these effects do actually increase opportunities (5) 4. Explain the aim of private leisure providers and name three different types of leisure opportunities they provide (4) 5. Explain the aim of public leisure providers and name three different types of leisure opportunities they provide (4) 6. Name some of the target groups that public providers make provisions for, explain what provisions they make and why this is useful. (5)

Natural Born Japanese Killers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Natural Born Japanese Killers Americans and Japanese are both fond of pointing out the difference in crime rates. To many Japanese, America is seen as an outlaw nation, bristling with guns. And for many Americans, the juxtaposition of Japan's often ultra-violent entertainment with their low crime rate is fascinating. Japanese pop culture and crime statistics are often cited to defend American entertainment when it is accused of inspiring violence. But for anyone paying attention, startling crimes have a way of popping up in Japan unexpectedly. There were the "Otaku Murders" of 1988 and 1989, where Tsutomo Miyazaki kidnapped and killed four girls of around five years of age, reenacting gruesome scenes from his hentai collection. The serin gas attack in 1995 is another notable incident in the analogs of Japanese crime history. Perpetrated by the Aum Shinrikyo cult, almost a dozen people were killed during the terrorist attack. I asked a Japanese friend of mine once, "Are there gangs in Japan?" I've since learned that Japan has a long history of gangs, including everything from high school motorcycle gangs to the Yakuza, but he shook his head. He said there were no gangs, but in Japan sometimes kids just go crazy. He told me the story of a boy who would kill people on the street, discretely, and then hide in an alley to watch the ensuing action. He was eventually caught with the murder weapon near one of his crime scenes. This was several years ago, and I wrote the story off as an urban legend. Recently, however, there have been several articles published about teenage boys committing gory crimes in Japan. Over the last year there have been multiple incidents. A 65-year old woman in Aichi prefecture was murdered on May 1, 2000. On May 3, a boy in Saga prefecture hijacked a bus with a knife. He held a six-year-old girl hostage, killed one woman, and wounded five others. There have been more crimes, including knivings in people's homes, baseball bat bludgeonings and matricide, budgeonings with hammers, and, just two weeks ago, a 15-year-old boy on Kyushu crept into a house during the night and attacked a family. All six family members were attacked, and three died. Incidents such as these have been reported in many newspapers and online news sites, but I take the examples above from two articles on the subject. Tim Larimer, a correspondent for Time wrote "Natural-Born

Marketing Philosophy Essay

Efforts of reviewing and modelling marketing elements, concepts and philosophical attitudes were numerous and effective. But with new challenges causing hurdles in making marketing function more effective on macro- and micro- level of the economy, a revision of marketing philosophy is always at place. Elements of marketing philosophy Dibb and Simkin (2004)| Lancaster and Reynolds (2005)| Blythe (2005)| Drummond and Ensor (2005)| Morgan (1996)| 1. Production orientation 2. Financial orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Marketing orientation 5. Customer orientation 6. Competitor orientation 7. Interfunctional Coordination| 1. Production orientation 2. Sales orientation 3. Marketing Orientation| 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Customer orientation 5. Societal marketing 6. Relationship Marketing| 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Financial orientation 5. Marketing Orientation| 1. Cost philosophy 2. Product philosophy 3. Production philosophy 4. Sales philosophy 5. Erratic philosophy 6. Marketing philosophy 7. Social marketing philosophy| As indicated in Table 1, authors tend to use various terms for the elements of marketing philosophy: a) ‘orientation’ (Dibb and Simkin, 2004; Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005; Blythe, 2005; Drummond and Ensor, 2005); b) ‘philosophy’ (Morgan, 1996); c) ‘concept’ (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). Even the Lithuanian authors, who wrote the first university book on marketing, professors Pranulis, Pajuodis, Virvilaite and Urbonavicius (1999, 2000 and 2008) have used the Lithuanian counterpart word ‘orientation’. Following this broad tendency of the term ‘orientation’ usage, here, in this article, the choice of the ‘orientation’ term will be applied. The renowned American professors Kotler and Armstrong (2008, pp.9-12) indicated that their choice of marketing management orientations were as follows: * the production concept, * the product concept, * the selling concept, * the marketing concept. * the societal marketing concept. A similar opinion was expressed by a group of Lithuanian marketing professors, where they classified marketing orientations as follows (Pranulis et al., 1999, 2000): a) production orientation, b) product orientation, c) selling orientation, d) marketing orientation; e) socialethical marketing orientation. Because of the difficulty of incorporating all the various facets of marketing into a single definition, Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) distinguished features of the subject in the following statements (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005, p.16): †¢ â€Å"Marketing is dynamic and operational, requiring action as well as planning. †¢ Marketing requires an improved form of business organisation, although this on its own is not enough. †¢ Marketing is an important functional area of management, often based in a single physical location. More importantly, it is an overall business philosophy that should be adopted by everybody in the entire organisation. †¢ The marketing concept states that the identification, satisfaction and retention of customers is the key to long-term survival and prosperity. †¢ Marketing involves planning and control. †¢ The principle of marketing states that all business decisions should be made with primary consideration of customer requirements. †¢ Marketing focuses attention from production towards the needs and wants of the market place. †¢ Marketing is concerned with obtaining value from the market by offering items of value to the market. It does this by producing goods and services that satisfy the genuine needs and wants of specifically defined target markets. †¢ The distinguishing feature of a marketing orientated organisation is the way in which it strives to provide customer satisfaction as a way of achieving its own business objectives.† The author of the article proposes the following perception on the classification of marketing orientations, which constitute the marketing philosophy essence: 1) the production orientation, 2) the product orientation, 3) the financial orientation, 4) the selling orientation, 5) the marketing orientation, 6) the market orientation (which extends to internal and external orientations), 7) the social-ethical marketing orientation, 8) the holistic marketing orientation (which extends to internal marketing orientation, integrated marketing orientation, social marketing orientation relationship marketing orientation). The holistic marketing concept was proposed by Kotler and Keller (2007) but it was not mentioned or wider discussed in the textbook of Principles of Marketing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), but introduced in their co-operative book on Marketing Management (2007). For this reason, it is viable to include this new orientation in the proposed model (Figure 3), as it integrated at least four other sub-orientations: a) internal marketing orientation, b) integrated marketing orientation, c) social marketing orientation and d) relationship marketing orientation. Internal marketing orientation will be directly dealing with a Marketing Department within an organisation. It will directly subordinate to the senior management level and other organisational department, emphasising the organisational culture and micro-climate, suitable for effective work and success factors in marketing performance. Integrated marketing orientation would focus towards integrated marketing communications, the cost-effective selection of marketing channels and integrated development of products and services within the scope, demand and challenges of the national and international markets. Social marketing orientation would be focusing on the concept of societal marketing proposed by Kotler and Armstrong (2008), where the basic societal marketing triangle is based on the well-being of the community, incorporating the corporate social responsibility of companies and non-profit organisations, legal issues and environmental protection issues, which altogether streamline the sustainable development of the economy and consumption patterns. Relationship marketing orientation would be concerned with fostering the customercompany relationship with consumers, offering value added products and services. This orientation will also foster the company-partner company (B2B) relationship, seeking trust and reliability in partner selection process and its maintenance for coming years. Therefore, marketing channels should be effectively developed to reduce costs and enhance profitability ratios for all three market participants: a) producers, b) distributors and sellers, c) consumers. The market orientation is proposed to be grouped as internal and external orientations. Though Narver and Slater (1990) proposed a model that identified the components of market orientation as: †¢ Customer orientation, which incorporates customers’ perceptions and understanding by customers’ creating value, offering cost-effective solutions to satisfy their needs. †¢ Competitor orientation emphasises one of the marketing’s functions, i.e., to seek competitive advantage in the market. Competitor analysis, performed in various techniques (e.g. PESTED analysis, Porter’s forces analysis, Boston matrix analysis, etc.), gives a company tools to objectively evaluate competitors’ capabilities and results on the market. †¢ Organizational culture if analysed on an individual basis could be either included into market orientation factor or in the holistic marketing orientation, depending how integrative the marketing philosophy is on an organisational level. Organisational culture should support customer service and customer relationship development throughemployee performance prism. †¢ Interfunctional coordination should focus on the interaction between internal functional areas of the organization which best serve customer need and satisfaction, which in other cases would correspond to the relationship marketing orientation (Kotler and Keller, 2007). †¢ Long-term focus would incorporate the consideration of how the above can be sustained, and financially viable, over the long term. In this paper the proposition by Drummond et al (2000) is closer to the author’s perception of market orientation, therefore the constituent parts of the market orientation are considered to be the balance between: a) External market orientation: customers, competitors and other external stakeholders. b) Internal market orientation: employees and other internal stakeholders. Marketing Orientation The term marketing is used extensively in modern life. If you stop someone in the street and ask them what it means, they will probably use words like â€Å"advertising†, â€Å"market research† and† a modern word for selling†. In fact, marketing is a lot more than just selling, advertising and research, although all of these functions are important aspects of marketing. The Chartered Lrstitute of Marketing in the UK defines marketing as follows: â€Å"Marketing is the management process which identifies, anticipates, and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably†. So what is marketing orientation? In the next sections we shall explore this. First we will consider what it means for an organisation to adopt a marketing-based business philosophy. We shall then consider the evolution of the marketing concept and look at how marketing orientation has influenced organizational structures in business. An Overview of a Marketing-based Business Philosophy The points below describe marketing and its role in a marketing based business philosophy. We shall then go on to consider a marketing-based philosophy in more detail. * Marketing is a management process, and the support of management for the marketing concept is a key element in its success. Today, a company has to be marketing orientated if it is to be successful. * Marketing is involved with identifying customer requirements – usually with market research. * We have to consider current needs and anticipate the requirements of the customer in the future. This requires planning – a very important aspect of the marketing process. The satisfaction of the needs will require the supplier to provide benefits – the right market offering at the right place at the right time. * Truly market-driven companies adopt strategic level marketing, where marketing has a key role in defining the long-term objectives and mission of the company. In this way, a strategic framework is established whereby the customer is placed at the centre of the organisation’s activities. * Marketing is not just for profit-making companies. Marketing is for any organisation that has customers, and that includes charities and government bodies. Very many selling jobs in fact are in non-profit-making organisations, although very often the people who have those jobs would not think of themselves as salespeople! Marketing is a business philosophy, the process responsible for anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer current and future needs. The marketing philosophy developed out of the need by producer manufacturers, whose focus was on efficient production, to compete more effectively in their markets. They turned their attention away from mass production at lowest unit cost to try to anticipate the specific needs of customers and produce products/services whose benefits would satisfy those needs. Marketing is sometimes referred to as a ‘pull strategy’. The principle is that we understand customer needs and produce products or services, which meet those needs through specific benefits. Customers will want to purchase products or services, which they perceive as meeting their needs and wants. Literature review on marketing challenges in the new millennium The precondition, which fostered to review the challenges for the marketing in the new millennium, was the statements in various forms and shapes, which appeared during the past decade in text books, social networks, media and social forums. The selection of disturbing statements were selected and presented here for the discussion. The biased perception of marketing functions and orientations at the dawn of the new millennium is not compelling. Traditional (conventional) marketing is visualised as a dead function, notwithstanding the critics of modern marketing practice. The critics bring up the issues of lost customers, mass marketing and viral marketing. Therefore, a more fundamental change for marketing is at stake – towards a more personal touch in the field, as well emphasised by Spellings (2009). Boynett and Boynett (2003) in their book on â€Å"The Guru Guideâ„ ¢ to Marketing: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from Today’s Top Marketers† have also identified a number of citations, which question the future of marketing and its conventional functionality. It is apparent that marketing is becoming a multi-disciplinary theory, which inevitably incorporates postmodern aspects of the markets and consumption patterns and consumer behaviour. Selected statements on the death of traditional marketing in the new millennium Authors/sources| Statements| Boyett and Boyett (2003, p.1)| Death-of-marketing gurus rationalize their hyperbole by explaining that marketing is in the throes of fundamental change.| World of DTC Marketing (2008)| Conventional marketing is dead†¦| Bishop (2009)| Marketing is dead; long live marketing: Attracting consumers in the post-mass marketing era| Big Marketing Ideas (2009)| The reason we say viral marketing is dead is not because content no longer spreads in the same way – quite the contrary. But the idea that you could create a flash game or a funny video and expect it to get a million hits and downloads within a week is now patently naà ¯ve. | Wymore (2009)| Forget direct mail, television advertising, and other mass media marketing. They just don’t work anymore. Traditional marketing is dead. In other words, these marketing chestnuts simply don’t stand out in today’s noisy media market.| Spellings (2009)| â€Å"Mass Marketing is Dead. Make Way For Personal Marketing†: The days of mass marketing are coming to an end as we enter a new era of personal marketing. Personal marketing will require more work, more preparation, and smarter implementation, but the rewards will be vastly better than the mass marketing approach.| Selected marketing challenges in the new millennium Sutton and Klein (2003)| Blythe (2005)| Kashani (2005)| Brown (2008)| Kotler and Armstrong (2008)| Bishop (2009)| †¢ Increasing market complexity †¢ Accelerating demand for speed to market †¢ Growing need to capture marketing knowledge †¢ Increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies †¢ Escalating demand for marketing efficiency and effectiveness| †¢ Relationship marketing development †¢ Service quality enhancement †¢ Internet marketing development †¢ Marketing ethics †¢ Marketing strategy revisited| †¢ Commoditisation (change in technologies, more informed customer, more intense competition) †¢ Consolidation(mergers & acquisitions) †¢ Power shift †¢ Margin erosion †¢ Value focus| Postmodern challenges: †¢ Hyperreality †¢ Fragmentation †¢ Reversed production and consumption †¢ Decentred subjects †¢ Juxtaposition of opposites| †¢ The new digital age †¢ Rapid globalisation †¢ The call for more ethics and social responsibility †¢ Growth of non-profit marketing| †¢ Aggressive innovations †¢ Building a strong value proposition †¢ Engagement and connection to the customer †¢ Delivering customer experiences at or above expectations| It could be generalised that marketing in the 21st century presents many new postmodern challenges (see Table 3): †¢ shrinking markets, which in effect implies fragmentation and decentralised subjects (Brown, 2008), followed by increasing market complexity (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and market globalisation (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008); †¢ green issues (Blythe, 2005), more marketing ethics (Blythe, 2005; Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) and social responsibility (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008); †¢ marketing strategy revisited (Blythe, 2005) through accelerating the demand for marketing efficiency and effectiveness (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and speed to market (Sutton and Klein, 2003), and aggressive innovations (Bishop, 2009); †¢ advancements in technologies in the digital age (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), including Internet, commoditisation (Kashani, 2005), communications (Bishop, 2009), internet marketing development (Blythe, 2005), increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies (Sutton and Klein, 2003); †¢ engagement and connection to the customer (Bishop, 2009), through service quality enhancement (Blythe, 2005), delivering customer experiences at or above expectations (Bishop, 2009), rapidly changing public attitudes towards consumption (Sutton and Klein, 2003); †¢ building a strong value proposition (Bishop, 2009) through growing need to capture marketing knowledge (Sutton and Klein, 2003), power shift (Kashani, 2005) and reversed production and consumption (Brown, 2008). Therefore, marketers are facing the re-evaluation of marketing strategy, applying new tools and sophisticated techniques in the new millennium, where changes are of a constant nature. â€Å"Ultimately, the firms who take the greatest care of their customers’ interests are the ones most likely to maintain their competitive edge in a cut-throat world† (Blythe, 2005 p.332). The case of coffee bars: applying marketing orientations and marketing challenges in the new millennium. In practice, each company selects business and marketing philosophy which suits it best. The decision depends on the company’s type, size, products and services it produces, distributes and sells and etc. In order to apply marketing orientations and marketing challenges to a practical situation, two companies in coffee bars sector: a) an international company STARBUCKS (the USA) and b) a national company COFFEE INN (Lithuania). Their briefs and marketing philosophies will be discussed bellow. The case of Starbucks (the USA) Probably one of the most famous brands in the United States and now in the whole world, reflecting the specific lifestyle of the few generations, is definitely Starbucks. Starbucks is the largest coffee-house company in the world, offering a wide range of various coffees, hot and cold coffee and non-coffee drinks, sandwiches and sweet snacks. Founded in 1979, only as a coffee bean retailer Starbucks became a coffee-house selling coffee drinks as well as beans, when its present headmaster Howard Schultz came in and bought the company from its former owners in 1987. Since then, an extraordinary quick expansion in the Unites States, and from 1996 in the whole world, has begun. Now, Starbucks owns approximately 16 000 stores in the world and announces about opening 900 new stores outside United States in 2009 (on the other hand, Starbucks is closing the same amount of stores in the United States) (www.strabucks.com). It is obvious, that such a big success would be impossible without well selected and formulated marketing philosophy. As one of the most innovative companies in the world Starbucks has chosen social-ethical marketing orientation and declares care for the environment and common wealth as well as for people. The main idea of their philosophy is defined in the Starbucks mission statement. Starbucks has two mission statements which are placed in the official company’s website : „To inspire and nurture human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a timeâ€Å" and „Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our businessâ€Å" (www.strabucks.com). Social-ethical marketing orientation is getting a trendy buzz word, as environmental and ecological problems are on the increase. Some years ago Starbucks was criticised for wasting resources by using paper and plastic cups, for wasting water and even funding Israel army (Vitkus, 2009). Now this company is shown as the best example of environmental friendly business in the business schools around the world. Starbucks announces its corporate social responsibility Annual reports for the public; here the company describes their attention to the employees, customers and the environment, manifesting marketing orientation, marketorientation and holistic marketing orientation. They started to use cups from recycled paper or biodegradable plastic. Social responsibility is also emphasised in their coffee-bars’ design, posters and various promotional campaigns (the integrated marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). According to Pranulis et al (2008), the main idea of marketing orientation is to create the circle of loyal clients rather than one-time buyers. Starbucks could be called a champion in this field too. The chairman of Starbucks Howard Schultz explains, that a person gets more than just coffee when he/she visits Starbucks – „he gets great people, first-rate music and a comfortable and upbeat meeting place† (www.strabucks.com). That’s why people all around the world are willing to pay for coffee more than in other coffee-bars – they buy and experience, not a drink (the selling orientation). According to Howard Schultz, Starbucks build personal relationships with each of their customers (this implies the relationship marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). Even the waiters at Starbucks are called baristas to make them feel exceptional and proud about their workplace, not to feel just simple service workers (internal marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). Another core element of marketing concept (Pranulis et al., 2008, Kotler and Keller, 2007) is to appeal to customers’ needs. Starbucks does everything to achieve its costumers’ satisfaction. They were the first who offered free internet at their coffee-bars and started to open the stores 10 minutes before the actual opening time just to make customers always feel welcome and happy. Viral marketing has also become one of the most important features of Starbucks‘. You can hardly find and advertisement in any newspaper or marketplace, but they build extremely strong relationships by using social networks, internet and mouth-to-mouth marketing, which means Starbucks meets the marketing challenges of a) the digital age, b) value proposition, c) connecting to customers, d) corporate social responsibility, e) green issues and f) overall revised marketing strategy, g) market shrinking factors (as Starbucks was forced to close down 600 coffee-bars in the USA during the economic slowdown (Milasius, 2008)). The case of Coffee Inn (Lithuania) The other company selected for a comparative study is a national company, located only in Lithuania. Coffee Inn is a coffee-bars’ chain opened a few years ago in Vilnius, the capital city of the country. Started from just one coffee-bar, Coffee Inn now owns 7 coffee-bars in Vilnius and one in Kaunas in 2007 (Vaitiekuniene, 2007). At first, Coffee Inn came into the market with the same concept as Starbucks did. It sells coffee and various coffee drinks, served in paper cups, sandwiches and desserts in small, cosy coffee-bars, located in the city centre. The main difference between Starbucks and Coffee Inn is that Starbucks is a big global company (the globalisation challenge) and can afford applying social-ethical marketing orientation, while Coffee Inn is still too small to afford huge investments for various socialprojects and campaigns and it has chosen the marketing orientation. However, Coffee Inn expands constantly, therefore, sooner or later this company will also apply social-ethical marketing oreintation (now Coffee Inn supports various cultural festivals, such as cultural night TebÃ… «nie naktis, or Street music day, not financially, but by helping to promote them, or by prolonging their opening hours during these festivals). The main idea, the co-owner of Coffee Inn Nidas Kiuberis explains, is that they sell a feeling of pleasure rather than just a cup of coffee (Obcarskaite, 2009). It seems extremely similar to Starbucks idea. The waiters are called baristas too, Coffee Inn also offers free internet access and their menu is quite similar to Starbucks one. Lithuanians sometimes even claim that Coffee Inn tries to copy Starbucks. On the other hand, there are a lot of cafeterias offering similar facilities (e.g., Vero Cafe, Double Coffee and etc.), and Coffee Inn is not an exception. However, Coffee Inn is a lot smaller as coffee-bars’ chain than Starbucks and for this reason it is much easier to control it. Being small enables Coffee Inn to be more flexible and to react to customers’ demands and wants quicker and to create new demands and wants at the same time (marketing orientation). Coffee Inn constantly offers new drinks, snacks and other features (product orientation). They were one of the first who invited customers to come together with their pets, set free book collection and invited everyone to come to read or to donate a book (the communication challenge). While talking about customers’ loyalty, new technologies play an important part here too (the technological challenge): Coffee Inn keeps exceptionally close relationships with its customers using Facebook social network, writing the blog and honestly replying to all the letters and comments. The co-owner Nidas Kiuberis maintains the Coffee Inn blog himself – this is very important, as customers notice, that director of the company itself pays attention to their opinion (Milasius, 2008). Nidas Kiuberis explains, they are following â€Å"guerilla marketing† ideas, because it is the best solution for a small business without large budget, where creativity and energy are the most important things (Obcarskaite, 2009). â€Å"Viral marketing and personal blog writing costs nothing and gives better results, than advertisement on TV – your loyalty for customers loyalty, these are the things every company seeks, especially in a crisis time† (Obcarskaite, 2009). As a result, Coffee Inn has created a steady circle of loyal customers, who are indifferent to similar competitors, such as Vero Cafe, offers. The Evolution of the Marketing Concept Marketing is basically about anticipating and serving customer needs, but where does the concept come from? In fact, even though the term â€Å"marketing† quite modern, the idea of customer orientation is as old as trade itself. For example, if we looked at a pre-Industrial Revolution village, we would see a number of trades-people such as the blacksmith at work. These people provided the villagers with what they wanted. There was no question of producing large volumes of goods and assuming that people would take them. Everything was made to order – the customer had needs and the supplier met them. Conclusions In the changing market environment with changing customer behaviour and seeking business opportunities, companies face marketing challenges on a daily basis. In the process of theoretical research, a modified model of marketing orientations, which form the marketing philosophy, was proposed, comprising eight major orientations, where market orientation and the holistic marketing orientation are split into further sub-orientations. The other task for the author was to review and structure marketing challenges in the new millennium and test these issues in two cases of coffee-bars sector on international (Starbucks) and national (Coffee Inn in Lithuania) markets. Starbucks and Coffee Inn both follow similar marketing orientations. Starbucks follows social-ethical marketing orientation as a basis of business, while Coffee Inn is being still guided by the marketing orientation. Both companies sell an experience, rather than just coffee and image is very important for the customers of these companies as they are mainly young people (20-40 years of age, Miksys, 2008). Both companies use viral marketing techniques, though Coffee Inn can create closer relationships with its customers, because it is able to react to changes quicker. Loyal customers could be called the biggest strength and competitive advantage of these companies as they do not compete on price, just by creating exceptional atmosphere.

In Defense of Liberty and Education for All - 1626 Words

In Defense of Liberty and Education for All How does a society become socially free and have equal opportunity for all its citizens? According to the conventional democratic American belief, all people should be granted the same educational opportunities so that everyone has the fair chance to succeed in society. However, in William A. Henrys essay, In Defense of Elitism, he argues for the archaic belief that society should limit higher educational opportunities because most people do not have the capability to compete in college. Henry wants to scale back the number of college students in America to an accomplished few. As such, Henry contends that the educational standards†¦show more content†¦He proposes that the standards of education have dropped with the rise of college students over the years. Henry illustrates his point by maintaining that there is a sheer decline in the amount of work expected in class#8230;. [because the] influx of mediocrities relentlessly lowers the general standards at colleges to the lev els the weak ones can meet(125). Henry bases his claim on the fact that in the 1940s, at the all girls Catholic Trinity College in Washington, A course in Shakespeare meant reading the plays, all 37 of them(125). He uses that information and compares it to the fact that at a particular fancy college, a professor recently told him that in his Shakespeare class students only read four plays and anything more than one a week... is considered too heavy of a load(125). Henrys claim is extremely unconvincing because his method of unfairly comparing and contrasting the evidence only explains the general standards at two different schools at different time periods (125). It could be true to a certain extent that standards have decreased with larger class sizes, but Henry does not support his claim correctly because of several fatal reasons. Henry describes the standards at Trinity College in the 1940s but does not compare it to the standards at Trinity College in the present day. This concl udes nothing because comparing two different schools, that canShow MoreRelatedEssay about Articles of Confederation816 Words   |  4 Pagescommon defense, promote[s] the general welfare, and secure[s] the blessings of liberty. Based on these standards, the Articles of Confederation were effective to a certain degree at the time, but in the end, were too liberal to be effective. Because its main purpose was to ensure the blessings of liberty, the Articles of Confederation had to sacrifice stability and security, which ultimately led to its downfall. The Articles of Confederation promoted the spirit and beliefs of liberty and equalityRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesWhile we all would agree that racism is immoral and has no place in a modern society, that was not the case in the U.S. in the 1940s. At the time African Americans were treated as second-class citizens, it was made near-impossible for them to vote, and they were discriminated in many ways including in education, socially and in employment. It was a time in which segregation and racism perforated the laws and society, a time in which African Americans were â€Å"separate but equal,† segregation was legalRead MoreThe Principles Of Individual Responsibility And Freedom928 Words   |  4 PagesGovernments across the world manipulate their subjects into believing that the only way they can survive is through the government. The ideas of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are what this country was founded u pon. At that time of our founding fathers in 1776, the people controlled the government. In our day and age, the government controls the people by manipulation and convincing citizens that mandatory taxation is charitable, when the very definition of charity states that charityRead MoreLocke, Hobbes, Aquinas, and Machiavell Theory on Self-Defense and Governance1548 Words   |  7 PagesHobbes, Aquinas, and Machiavelli each followed this process in creating their political theories and at the very center of each of their theories is a commentary on human conflict. Self-defense is the very first type of conflict between humans and is defined very differently by each theorist. The subject of self-defense renders the foundation of a political theory in that it illustrates a theorist’s presumptions regarding human nature and interaction, which extrapolates into how humans need to be governedRead More Is Violence in Pursuit of Happiness Justified? Essay example1173 Words   |   5 Pagesconvinced that the system is totally unjust? Therefore, how should citizens defend their liberties, without using violence or disobeying the law, if they think it’s unjust? If an individual obeys the law, he would automatically be thought of supporting the unjust system but in case he does not, he would be accused of disobeying the law. There are various controversies about whether violence is justified when liberty is threatened. Throughout history, people have had numbers of arguments on this topicRead MoreEducational Gap For Minorities Of Low Socioeconomic Statuses886 Words   |  4 Pagesstatuses. At my home church, Tabernacle Baptist Church of Youngstown, Ohio, education was heavily emphasized. As a child, I was always taught that education was and is the way out for Black people. The church indoctrinated that into all of the children’s minds once they came to the church. Two important things I learned at church was the importance of having a relationship with Jesus and the importance of having high-quality education for Blacks. My pastor would ask for everyone’s report cards at the endRead MorePublic Policy Is An Objective Oriented Action Plan1646 Words   |  7 Pagesarrays of entities. Defense policy serves as an excellent example in this context. For instance, following the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor, the president conducted a joint session of Congress to seek the declaration of war. This process, which is usually highly complicated, highlights some predictable features and steps. The most significant objective of public policy is ensuring the formulation and implementation of an acceptable balance between order and liberty. The design of publicRead MoreAmerican Civil Liberties Union Of Michigan ( Aclu )1378 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest groups that will be discussed in this paper include the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (ACLU), the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), and the Community Foundation of Greater Flint (CFGF). The approaches, stances, and effectiveness of these organizations will be interpreted, while recommendations about how to become even more influential with regards to public policy will be discussed as well. Of all the actors associated with the Flint water conflict, these three interest groupsRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights851 Words   |  4 PagesCivil liberties and civil rights are very commonly used statements, which can be carelessly misused. Both statements are similar to some degree, but do hold dif ferent meanings. These statements may seem exactly the same, but by true definitions, the difference between both is unmistakable. Civil liberties are the protections against government actions. Civil rights, however, is positive actions of government should take to create equal conditions for all Americans. Civil liberties are rights forRead MoreThe Controversy of Same Sex Marriages Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesdeal. Just a generation ago, many states banned mixed marriages. Seems absurd, doesnt it? Discriminating against an individual like that because of the color of their skin? This is a situation in America that I am sure all of you are familiar with, and most all of us I am sure agree that just because a person has different colored skin does not make them any different on the inside. We dont discriminate against minorities because of their color of their skin, so why is it that we